javax.mail

Class Session

java.lang.Object

javax.mail.Session

public final class Session
extends Object

The Session class represents a mail session and is not subclassed. It collects together properties and defaults used by the mail API's. A single default session can be shared by multiple applications on the desktop. Unshared sessions can also be created.

The Session class provides access to the protocol providers that implement the Store, Transport, and related classes. The protocol providers are configured using the following files:

• javamail.providers and javamail.default.providers
• javamail.address.map and javamail.default.address.map

Each javamail.X resource file is searched for using three methods in the following order:

1. java.home/conf/javamail.X
2. META-INF/javamail.X
3. META-INF/javamail.default.X

(Where java.home is the value of the "java.home" System property and conf is the directory named "conf" if it exists, otherwise the directory named "lib"; the "conf" directory was introduced in JDK 1.9.)

The first method allows the user to include their own version of the resource file by placing it in the conf directory where the java.home property points. The second method allows an application that uses the Jakarta Mail APIs to include their own resource files in their application's or jar file's META-INF directory. The javamail.default.X default files are part of the Jakarta Mail mail.jar file and should not be supplied by users.

File location depends upon how the ClassLoader method getResource is implemented. Usually, the getResource method searches through CLASSPATH until it finds the requested file and then stops.

The ordering of entries in the resource files matters. If multiple entries exist, the first entries take precedence over the later entries. For example, the first IMAP provider found will be set as the default IMAP implementation until explicitly changed by the application. The user- or system-supplied resource files augment, they do not override, the default files included with the Jakarta Mail APIs. This means that all entries in all files loaded will be available.

javamail.providers and javamail.default.providers

These resource files specify the stores and transports that are available on the system, allowing an application to "discover" what store and transport implementations are available. The protocol implementations are listed one per line. The file format defines four attributes that describe a protocol implementation. Each attribute is an "="-separated name-value pair with the name in lowercase. Each name-value pair is semi-colon (";") separated. The following names are defined.

Attribute Names in Providers Files

Name	Description
protocol	Name assigned to protocol. For example, smtp for Transport.
type	Valid entries are store and transport.
class	Class name that implements this protocol.
vendor	Optional string identifying the vendor.
version	Optional string identifying the version.

Here's an example of META-INF/javamail.default.providers file contents:

 protocol=imap; type=store; class=com.sun.mail.imap.IMAPStore; vendor=Oracle;
 protocol=smtp; type=transport; class=com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport; vendor=Oracle;
 

The current implementation also supports configuring providers using the Java SE ServiceLoader mechanism. When creating your own provider, create a Provider subclass, for example:

 package com.example;

 import javax.mail.Provider;

 public class MyProvider extends Provider {
     public MyProvider() {
         super(Provider.Type.STORE, "myprot", MyStore.class.getName(),
             "Example", null);
     }
 }
 

Then include a file named META-INF/services/javax.mail.Provider in your jar file that lists the name of your Provider class:

 com.example.MyProvider
 

javamail.address.map and javamail.default.address.map

These resource files map transport address types to the transport protocol. The getType method of javax.mail.Address returns the address type. The javamail.address.map file maps the transport type to the protocol. The file format is a series of name-value pairs. Each key name should correspond to an address type that is currently installed on the system; there should also be an entry for each javax.mail.Address implementation that is present if it is to be used. For example, the javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress method getType returns "rfc822". Each referenced protocol should be installed on the system. For the case of news, below, the client should install a Transport provider supporting the nntp protocol.

Here are the typical contents of a javamail.address.map file:

 rfc822=smtp
 news=nntp
 

Author:

John Mani, Bill Shannon, Max Spivak

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
void	addProvider(Provider provider) Add a provider to the session.
boolean	getDebug() Get the debug setting for this Session.
PrintStream	getDebugOut() Returns the stream to be used for debugging output.
static Session	getDefaultInstance(Properties props) Get the default Session object.
static Session	getDefaultInstance(Properties props, Authenticator authenticator) Get the default Session object.
Folder	getFolder(URLName url) Get a closed Folder object for the given URLName.
static Session	getInstance(Properties props) Get a new Session object.
static Session	getInstance(Properties props, Authenticator authenticator) Get a new Session object.
PasswordAuthentication	getPasswordAuthentication(URLName url) Return any saved PasswordAuthentication for this (store or transport) URLName.
Properties	getProperties() Returns the Properties object associated with this Session
String	getProperty(String name) Returns the value of the specified property.
Provider	getProvider(String protocol) Returns the default Provider for the protocol specified.
Provider[]	getProviders() This method returns an array of all the implementations installed via the javamail.[default.]providers files that can be loaded using the ClassLoader available to this application.
Store	getStore() Get a Store object that implements this user's desired Store protocol.
Store	getStore(Provider provider) Get an instance of the store specified by Provider.
Store	getStore(String protocol) Get a Store object that implements the specified protocol.
Store	getStore(URLName url) Get a Store object for the given URLName.
Transport	getTransport() Get a Transport object that implements this user's desired Transport protcol.
Transport	getTransport(Address address) Get a Transport object that can transport a Message of the specified address type.
Transport	getTransport(Provider provider) Get an instance of the transport specified in the Provider.
Transport	getTransport(String protocol) Get a Transport object that implements the specified protocol.
Transport	getTransport(URLName url) Get a Transport object for the given URLName.
PasswordAuthentication	requestPasswordAuthentication(InetAddress addr, int port, String protocol, String prompt, String defaultUserName) Call back to the application to get the needed user name and password.
void	setDebug(boolean debug) Set the debug setting for this Session.
void	setDebugOut(PrintStream out) Set the stream to be used for debugging output for this session.
void	setPasswordAuthentication(URLName url, PasswordAuthentication pw) Save a PasswordAuthentication for this (store or transport) URLName.
void	setProtocolForAddress(String addresstype, String protocol) Set the default transport protocol to use for addresses of the specified type.
void	setProvider(Provider provider) Set the passed Provider to be the default implementation for the protocol in Provider.protocol overriding any previous values.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Method Detail

getInstance

public static Session getInstance(Properties props,
                                  Authenticator authenticator)

Get a new Session object.

Parameters:

props - Properties object that hold relevant properties.
It is expected that the client supplies values for the properties listed in Appendix A of the Jakarta Mail spec (particularly mail.store.protocol, mail.transport.protocol, mail.host, mail.user, and mail.from) as the defaults are unlikely to work in all cases.

authenticator - Authenticator object used to call back to the application when a user name and password is needed.

Returns:

a new Session object

See Also:

Authenticator

getInstance

public static Session getInstance(Properties props)

Get a new Session object.

Parameters:

props - Properties object that hold relevant properties.
It is expected that the client supplies values for the properties listed in Appendix A of the Jakarta Mail spec (particularly mail.store.protocol, mail.transport.protocol, mail.host, mail.user, and mail.from) as the defaults are unlikely to work in all cases.

Returns:

a new Session object

Since:

JavaMail 1.2

getDefaultInstance

public static Session getDefaultInstance(Properties props,
                                         Authenticator authenticator)

Get the default Session object. If a default has not yet been setup, a new Session object is created and installed as the default.

Since the default session is potentially available to all code executing in the same Java virtual machine, and the session can contain security sensitive information such as user names and passwords, access to the default session is restricted. The Authenticator object, which must be created by the caller, is used indirectly to check access permission. The Authenticator object passed in when the session is created is compared with the Authenticator object passed in to subsequent requests to get the default session. If both objects are the same, or are from the same ClassLoader, the request is allowed. Otherwise, it is denied.

Note that if the Authenticator object used to create the session is null, anyone can get the default session by passing in null.

Note also that the Properties object is used only the first time this method is called, when a new Session object is created. Subsequent calls return the Session object that was created by the first call, and ignore the passed Properties object. Use the getInstance method to get a new Session object every time the method is called.

Additional security Permission objects may be used to control access to the default session.

In the current implementation, if a SecurityManager is set, the caller must have the RuntimePermission("setFactory") permission.

Parameters:

props - Properties object. Used only if a new Session object is created.
It is expected that the client supplies values for the properties listed in Appendix A of the Jakarta Mail spec (particularly mail.store.protocol, mail.transport.protocol, mail.host, mail.user, and mail.from) as the defaults are unlikely to work in all cases.

authenticator - Authenticator object. Used only if a new Session object is created. Otherwise, it must match the Authenticator used to create the Session.

Returns:

the default Session object

getDefaultInstance

public static Session getDefaultInstance(Properties props)

Get the default Session object. If a default has not yet been setup, a new Session object is created and installed as the default.

Note that a default session created with no Authenticator is available to all code executing in the same Java virtual machine, and the session can contain security sensitive information such as user names and passwords.

Parameters:

props - Properties object. Used only if a new Session object is created.
It is expected that the client supplies values for the properties listed in Appendix A of the Jakarta Mail spec (particularly mail.store.protocol, mail.transport.protocol, mail.host, mail.user, and mail.from) as the defaults are unlikely to work in all cases.

Returns:

the default Session object

Since:

JavaMail 1.2

setDebug

public void setDebug(boolean debug)

Set the debug setting for this Session.

Since the debug setting can be turned on only after the Session has been created, to turn on debugging in the Session constructor, set the property mail.debug in the Properties object passed in to the constructor to true. The value of the mail.debug property is used to initialize the per-Session debugging flag. Subsequent calls to the setDebug method manipulate the per-Session debugging flag and have no affect on the mail.debug property.

Parameters:

debug - Debug setting

getDebug

public boolean getDebug()

Get the debug setting for this Session.

Returns:

current debug setting

setDebugOut

public void setDebugOut(PrintStream out)

Set the stream to be used for debugging output for this session. If out is null, System.out will be used. Note that debugging output that occurs before any session is created, as a result of setting the mail.debug system property, will always be sent to System.out.

Parameters:

out - the PrintStream to use for debugging output

Since:

JavaMail 1.3

getDebugOut

public PrintStream getDebugOut()

Returns the stream to be used for debugging output. If no stream has been set, System.out is returned.

Returns:

the PrintStream to use for debugging output

Since:

JavaMail 1.3

getProviders

public Provider[] getProviders()

This method returns an array of all the implementations installed via the javamail.[default.]providers files that can be loaded using the ClassLoader available to this application.

Returns:

Array of configured providers

getProvider

public Provider getProvider(String protocol)
                     throws NoSuchProviderException

Returns the default Provider for the protocol specified. Checks mail.<protocol>.class property first and if it exists, returns the Provider associated with this implementation. If it doesn't exist, returns the Provider that appeared first in the configuration files. If an implementation for the protocol isn't found, throws NoSuchProviderException

Parameters:

protocol - Configured protocol (i.e. smtp, imap, etc)

Returns:

Currently configured Provider for the specified protocol

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If a provider for the given protocol is not found.

setProvider

public void setProvider(Provider provider)
                 throws NoSuchProviderException

Set the passed Provider to be the default implementation for the protocol in Provider.protocol overriding any previous values.

Parameters:

provider - Currently configured Provider which will be set as the default for the protocol

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If the provider passed in is invalid.

getStore

public Store getStore()
               throws NoSuchProviderException

Get a Store object that implements this user's desired Store protocol. The mail.store.protocol property specifies the desired protocol. If an appropriate Store object is not obtained, NoSuchProviderException is thrown

Returns:

a Store object

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If a provider for the given protocol is not found.

getStore

public Store getStore(String protocol)
               throws NoSuchProviderException

Get a Store object that implements the specified protocol. If an appropriate Store object cannot be obtained, NoSuchProviderException is thrown.

Parameters:

protocol - the Store protocol

Returns:

a Store object

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If a provider for the given protocol is not found.

getStore

public Store getStore(URLName url)
               throws NoSuchProviderException

Get a Store object for the given URLName. If the requested Store object cannot be obtained, NoSuchProviderException is thrown. The "scheme" part of the URL string (Refer RFC 1738) is used to locate the Store protocol.

Parameters:

url - URLName that represents the desired Store

Returns:

a closed Store object

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If a provider for the given URLName is not found.

See Also:

getFolder(URLName), URLName

getStore

public Store getStore(Provider provider)
               throws NoSuchProviderException

Get an instance of the store specified by Provider. Instantiates the store and returns it.

Parameters:

provider - Store Provider that will be instantiated

Returns:

Instantiated Store

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If a provider for the given Provider is not found.

getFolder

public Folder getFolder(URLName url)
                 throws MessagingException

Get a closed Folder object for the given URLName. If the requested Folder object cannot be obtained, null is returned.

The "scheme" part of the URL string (Refer RFC 1738) is used to locate the Store protocol. The rest of the URL string (that is, the "schemepart", as per RFC 1738) is used by that Store in a protocol dependent manner to locate and instantiate the appropriate Folder object.

Note that RFC 1738 also specifies the syntax for the "schemepart" for IP-based protocols (IMAP4, POP3, etc.). Providers of IP-based mail Stores should implement that syntax for referring to Folders.

Parameters:

url - URLName that represents the desired folder

Returns:

Folder

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If a provider for the given URLName is not found.

MessagingException - if the Folder could not be located or created.

See Also:

getStore(URLName), URLName

getTransport

public Transport getTransport()
                       throws NoSuchProviderException

Get a Transport object that implements this user's desired Transport protcol. The mail.transport.protocol property specifies the desired protocol. If an appropriate Transport object cannot be obtained, MessagingException is thrown.

Returns:

a Transport object

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If the provider is not found.

getTransport

public Transport getTransport(String protocol)
                       throws NoSuchProviderException

Get a Transport object that implements the specified protocol. If an appropriate Transport object cannot be obtained, null is returned.

Parameters:

protocol - the Transport protocol

Returns:

a Transport object

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If provider for the given protocol is not found.

getTransport

public Transport getTransport(URLName url)
                       throws NoSuchProviderException

Get a Transport object for the given URLName. If the requested Transport object cannot be obtained, NoSuchProviderException is thrown. The "scheme" part of the URL string (Refer RFC 1738) is used to locate the Transport protocol.

Parameters:

url - URLName that represents the desired Transport

Returns:

a closed Transport object

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If a provider for the given URLName is not found.

See Also:

URLName

getTransport

public Transport getTransport(Provider provider)
                       throws NoSuchProviderException

Get an instance of the transport specified in the Provider. Instantiates the transport and returns it.

Parameters:

provider - Transport Provider that will be instantiated

Returns:

Instantiated Transport

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If provider for the given provider is not found.

getTransport

public Transport getTransport(Address address)
                       throws NoSuchProviderException

Get a Transport object that can transport a Message of the specified address type.

Parameters:

address - an address for which a Transport is needed

Returns:

A Transport object

Throws:

NoSuchProviderException - If provider for the Address type is not found

See Also:

Address

setPasswordAuthentication

public void setPasswordAuthentication(URLName url,
                                      PasswordAuthentication pw)

Save a PasswordAuthentication for this (store or transport) URLName. If pw is null the entry corresponding to the URLName is removed.

This is normally used only by the store or transport implementations to allow authentication information to be shared among multiple uses of a session.

Parameters:

url - the URLName

pw - the PasswordAuthentication to save

getPasswordAuthentication

public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication(URLName url)

Return any saved PasswordAuthentication for this (store or transport) URLName. Normally used only by store or transport implementations.

Parameters:

url - the URLName

Returns:

the PasswordAuthentication corresponding to the URLName

requestPasswordAuthentication

public PasswordAuthentication requestPasswordAuthentication(InetAddress addr,
                                                            int port,
                                                            String protocol,
                                                            String prompt,
                                                            String defaultUserName)

Call back to the application to get the needed user name and password. The application should put up a dialog something like:

 Connecting to <protocol> mail service on host <addr>, port <port>.
 <prompt>

 User Name: <defaultUserName>
 Password:
 

Parameters:

addr - InetAddress of the host. may be null.

port - the port on the host

protocol - protocol scheme (e.g. imap, pop3, etc.)

prompt - any additional String to show as part of the prompt; may be null.

defaultUserName - the default username. may be null.

Returns:

the authentication which was collected by the authenticator; may be null.

getProperties

public Properties getProperties()

Returns the Properties object associated with this Session

Returns:

Properties object

getProperty

public String getProperty(String name)

Returns the value of the specified property. Returns null if this property does not exist.

Parameters:

name - the property name

Returns:

String that is the property value

addProvider

public void addProvider(Provider provider)

Add a provider to the session.

Parameters:

provider - the provider to add

Since:

JavaMail 1.4

setProtocolForAddress

public void setProtocolForAddress(String addresstype,
                                  String protocol)

Set the default transport protocol to use for addresses of the specified type. Normally the default is set by the javamail.default.address.map or javamail.address.map files or resources.

Parameters:

addresstype - type of address

protocol - name of protocol

Since:

JavaMail 1.4

See Also:

getTransport(Address)