Module jakarta.messaging
Package jakarta.jms

Interface Connection

  • All Superinterfaces:
    AutoCloseable
    All Known Subinterfaces:
    QueueConnection, TopicConnection, XAConnection, XAQueueConnection, XATopicConnection
    public interface Connection
extends AutoCloseable
    A Connection object is a client's active connection to its Jakarta Messaging provider. It typically allocates provider resources outside the Java virtual machine (JVM).

    Connections support concurrent use.

    A connection serves several purposes:

    • It encapsulates an open connection with a Jakarta Messaging provider. It typically represents an open TCP/IP socket between a client and the service provider software.
    • Its creation is where client authentication takes place.
    • It can specify a unique client identifier.
    • It provides a ConnectionMetaData object.
    • It supports an optional ExceptionListener object.

    Because the creation of a connection involves setting up authentication and communication, a connection is a relatively heavyweight object. Most clients will do all their messaging with a single connection. Other more advanced applications may use several connections. The Jakarta Messaging API does not architect a reason for using multiple connections; however, there may be operational reasons for doing so.

    A Jakarta Messaging client typically creates a connection, one or more sessions, and a number of message producers and consumers. When a connection is created, it is in stopped mode. That means that no messages are being delivered.

    It is typical to leave the connection in stopped mode until setup is complete (that is, until all message consumers have been created). At that point, the client calls the connection's start method, and messages begin arriving at the connection's consumers. This setup convention minimizes any client confusion that may result from asynchronous message delivery while the client is still in the process of setting itself up.

    A connection can be started immediately, and the setup can be done afterwards. Clients that do this must be prepared to handle asynchronous message delivery while they are still in the process of setting up.

    A message producer can send messages while a connection is stopped.

    Since:
    JMS 1.0
    Version:
    Jakarta Messaging 2.0
    See Also:
    ConnectionFactory, QueueConnection, TopicConnection

    • Method Detail

      • createSession

        Session createSession​(boolean transacted,
                      int acknowledgeMode)
               throws JMSException
        Creates a Session object, specifying transacted and acknowledgeMode.

        This method has been superseded by the method createSession(int sessionMode) which specifies the same information using a single argument, and by the method createSession() which is for use in a Jakarta EE JTA transaction. Applications should consider using those methods instead of this one.

        The effect of setting the transacted and acknowledgeMode arguments depends on whether this method is called in a Java SE environment, in the Jakarta EE application client container, or in the Jakarta EE web or EJB container. If this method is called in the Jakarta EE web or EJB container then the effect of setting the transacted} and acknowledgeMode arguments also depends on whether or not there is an active JTA transaction in progress.

        In a Java SE environment or in the Jakarta EE application client container:

        • If transacted is set to true then the session will use a local transaction which may subsequently be committed or rolled back by calling the session's commit or rollback methods. The argument acknowledgeMode is ignored.
        • If transacted is set to false then the session will be non-transacted. In this case the argument acknowledgeMode is used to specify how messages received by this session will be acknowledged. The permitted values are Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE and Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE. For a definition of the meaning of these acknowledgement modes see the links below.

        In a Jakarta EE web or EJB container, when there is an active JTA transaction in progress:

        • Both arguments transacted and acknowledgeMode are ignored. The session will participate in the JTA transaction and will be committed or rolled back when that transaction is committed or rolled back, not by calling the session's commit or rollback methods. Since both arguments are ignored, developers are recommended to use createSession(), which has no arguments, instead of this method.

        In the Jakarta EE web or EJB container, when there is no active JTA transaction in progress:

        • If transacted is set to false and acknowledgeMode is set to JMSContext.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE or Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE then the session will be non-transacted and messages will be acknowledged according to the value of acknowledgeMode.
        • If transacted is set to false and acknowledgeMode is set to JMSContext.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE then the Jakarta Messaging provider is recommended to ignore the specified parameters and instead provide a non-transacted, auto-acknowledged session. However the Jakarta Messaging provider may alternatively provide a non-transacted session with client acknowledgement.
        • If transacted is set to true, then the Jakarta Messaging provider is recommended to ignore the specified parameters and instead provide a non-transacted, auto-acknowledged session. However the Jakarta Messaging provider may alternatively provide a local transacted session.
        • Applications are recommended to set transacted to false and acknowledgeMode to JMSContext.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE or Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE since since applications which set transacted to false and set acknowledgeMode to JMSContext.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE, or which set transacted to true, may not be portable.

        Applications running in the Jakarta EE web and EJB containers must not attempt to create more than one active (not closed) Session object per connection. If this method is called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB container when an active Session object already exists for this connection then a JMSException may be thrown.

        Parameters:
        transacted - indicates whether the session will use a local transaction, except in the cases described above when this value is ignored..
        acknowledgeMode - when transacted is false, indicates how messages received by the session will be acknowledged, except in the cases described above when this value is ignored.
        Returns:
        a newly created session
        Throws:
        JMSException - if the Connection object fails to create a session due to
        • some internal error,
        • lack of support for the specific transaction and acknowledgement mode, or
        • because this method is being called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application and an active session already exists for this connection.
        Since:
        JMS 1.1
        See Also:
        Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE, Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE, Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE, createSession(int), createSession()

      • createSession

        Session createSession​(int sessionMode)
               throws JMSException
        Creates a Session object, specifying sessionMode.

        The effect of setting the sessionMode argument depends on whether this method is called in a Java SE environment, in the Jakarta EE application client container, or in the Jakarta EE web or EJB container. If this method is called in the Jakarta EE web or EJB container then the effect of setting the sessionMode argument also depends on whether or not there is an active JTA transaction in progress.

        In a Java SE environment or in the Jakarta EE application client container:

        • If sessionMode is set to Session.SESSION_TRANSACTED then the session will use a local transaction which may subsequently be committed or rolled back by calling the session's commit or rollback methods.
        • If sessionMode is set to any of Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE or Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE. then the session will be non-transacted and messages received by this session will be acknowledged according to the value of sessionMode. For a definition of the meaning of these acknowledgement modes see the links below.

        In a Jakarta EE web or EJB container, when there is an active JTA transaction in progress:

        • The argument sessionMode is ignored. The session will participate in the JTA transaction and will be committed or rolled back when that transaction is committed or rolled back, not by calling the session's commit or rollback methods. Since the argument is ignored, developers are recommended to use createSession(), which has no arguments, instead of this method.

        In the Jakarta EE web or EJB container, when there is no active JTA transaction in progress:

        • If sessionMode is set to Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE or Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE then the session will be non-transacted and messages will be acknowledged according to the value of sessionMode.
        • If sessionMode is set to Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE then the Jakarta Messaging provider is recommended to ignore the specified parameter and instead provide a non-transacted, auto-acknowledged session. However the JMS provider may alternatively provide a non-transacted session with client acknowledgement.
        • If sessionMode is set to Session.SESSION_TRANSACTED, then the Jakarta Messaging provider is recommended to ignore the specified parameter and instead provide a non-transacted, auto-acknowledged session. However the JMS provider may alternatively provide a local transacted session.
        • Applications are recommended to use only the values Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE and Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE since applications which use Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE or Session.SESSION_TRANSACTED may not be portable.

        Applications running in the Jakarta EE web and EJB containers must not attempt to create more than one active (not closed) Session object per connection. If this method is called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB container when an active Session object already exists for this connection then a JMSException may be thrown.

        Parameters:
        sessionMode - specifies the session mode that will be used, except in the cases described above when this value is ignored. Legal values are JMSContext.SESSION_TRANSACTED, JMSContext.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE, JMSContext.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE and JMSContext.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE.
        Returns:
        a newly created session
        Throws:
        JMSException - if the Connection object fails to create a session due to
        • some internal error,
        • lack of support for the specific transaction and acknowledgement mode, or
        • because this method is being called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application and an active session already exists for this connection.
        Since:
        JMS 2.0
        See Also:
        Session.SESSION_TRANSACTED, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE, Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE, Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE, createSession(boolean, int), createSession()

      • createSession

        Session createSession()
               throws JMSException
        Creates a Session object, specifying no arguments.

        The behaviour of the session that is created depends on whether this method is called in a Java SE environment, in the Jakarta EE application client container, or in the Jakarta EE web or EJB container. If this method is called in the Jakarta EE web or EJB container then the behaviour of the session also depends on whether or not there is an active JTA transaction in progress.

        In a Java SE environment or in the Jakarta EE application client container:

        • The session will be non-transacted and received messages will be acknowledged automatically using an acknowledgement mode of Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE For a definition of the meaning of this acknowledgement mode see the link below.

        In a Jakarta EE web or EJB container, when there is an active JTA transaction in progress:

        • The session will participate in the JTA transaction and will be committed or rolled back when that transaction is committed or rolled back, not by calling the session's commit or rollback methods.

        In the Jakarta EE web or EJB container, when there is no active JTA transaction in progress:

        • The session will be non-transacted and received messages will be acknowledged automatically using an acknowledgement mode of Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE For a definition of the meaning of this acknowledgement mode see the link below.

        Applications running in the Jakarta EE web and EJB containers must not attempt to create more than one active (not closed) Session object per connection. If this method is called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB container when an active Session object already exists for this connection then a JMSException may be thrown.

        Returns:
        a newly created session
        Throws:
        JMSException - if the Connection object fails to create a session due to
        • some internal error or
        • because this method is being called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application and an active session already exists for this connection.
        Since:
        JMS 2.0
        See Also:
        Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE, createSession(boolean, int), createSession(int)

      • getClientID

        String getClientID()
            throws JMSException
        Gets the client identifier for this connection.

        This value is specific to the Jakarta Messaging provider. It is either preconfigured by an administrator in a ConnectionFactory object or assigned dynamically by the application by calling the setClientID method.

        Returns:
        the unique client identifier
        Throws:
        JMSException - if the Jakarta Messaging provider fails to return the client ID for this connection due to some internal error.

      • setClientID

        void setClientID​(String clientID)
          throws JMSException
        Sets the client identifier for this connection.

        The preferred way to assign a Jakarta Messaging client's client identifier is for it to be configured in a client-specific ConnectionFactory object and transparently assigned to the Connection object it creates.

        Alternatively, a client can set a connection's client identifier using a provider-specific value. The facility to set a connection's client identifier explicitly is not a mechanism for overriding the identifier that has been administratively configured. It is provided for the case where no administratively specified identifier exists. If one does exist, an attempt to change it by setting it must throw an IllegalStateException. If a client sets the client identifier explicitly, it must do so immediately after it creates the connection and before any other action on the connection is taken. After this point, setting the client identifier is a programming error that should throw an IllegalStateException.

        The purpose of the client identifier is to associate a connection and its objects with a state maintained on behalf of the client by a provider. The only such state identified by the Jakarta Messaging API is that required to support durable subscriptions.

        If another connection with the same clientID is already running when this method is called, the Jakarta Messaging provider should detect the duplicate ID and throw an InvalidClientIDException.

        This method must not be used in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application. Doing so may cause a JMSException to be thrown though this is not guaranteed.

        Parameters:
        clientID - the unique client identifier
        Throws:
        JMSException - if the Jakarta Messaging provider fails to set the client ID for the the connection for one of the following reasons:
        • an internal error has occurred or
        • this method has been called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application (though it is not guaranteed that an exception is thrown in this case)
        InvalidClientIDException - if the Jakarta Messaging client specifies an invalid or duplicate client ID.
        IllegalStateException - if the Jakarta Messaging client attempts to set a connection's client ID at the wrong time or when it has been administratively configured.

      • getExceptionListener

        ExceptionListener getExceptionListener()
                                throws JMSException
        Gets the ExceptionListener object for this connection. Not every Connection has an ExceptionListener associated with it.
        Returns:
        the ExceptionListener for this connection, or null. if no ExceptionListener is associated with this connection.
        Throws:
        JMSException - if the Jakarta Messaging provider fails to get the ExceptionListener for this connection.
        See Also:
        setExceptionListener(jakarta.jms.ExceptionListener)

      • setExceptionListener

        void setExceptionListener​(ExceptionListener listener)
                   throws JMSException
        Sets an exception listener for this connection.

        If a Jakarta Messaging provider detects a serious problem with a connection, it informs the connection's ExceptionListener, if one has been registered. It does this by calling the listener's onException method, passing it a JMSException object describing the problem.

        An exception listener allows a client to be notified of a problem asynchronously. Some connections only consume messages, so they would have no other way to learn their connection has failed.

        A connection serializes execution of its ExceptionListener.

        A Jakarta Messaging provider should attempt to resolve connection problems itself before it notifies the client of them.

        This method must not be used in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application. Doing so may cause a JMSException to be thrown though this is not guaranteed.

        Parameters:
        listener - the exception listener
        Throws:
        JMSException - if the Jakarta Messaging provider fails to set the exception listener for one of the following reasons:
        • an internal error has occurred or
        • this method has been called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application (though it is not guaranteed that an exception is thrown in this case)

      • start

        void start()
    throws JMSException
        Starts (or restarts) a connection's delivery of incoming messages. A call to start on a connection that has already been started is ignored.
        Throws:
        JMSException - if the Jakarta Messaging provider fails to start message delivery due to some internal error.
        See Also:
        stop()

      • stop

        void stop()
   throws JMSException
        Temporarily stops a connection's delivery of incoming messages. Delivery can be restarted using the connection's start method. When the connection is stopped, delivery to all the connection's message consumers is inhibited: synchronous receives block, and messages are not delivered to message listeners.

        Stopping a connection has no effect on its ability to send messages. A call to stop on a connection that has already been stopped is ignored.

        A call to stop must not return until delivery of messages has paused. This means that a client can rely on the fact that none of its message listeners will be called and that all threads of control waiting for receive calls to return will not return with a message until the connection is restarted. The receive timers for a stopped connection continue to advance, so receives may time out while the connection is stopped.

        If message listeners are running when stop is invoked, the stop call must wait until all of them have returned before it may return. While these message listeners are completing, they must have the full services of the connection available to them.

        However if the stop method is called from a message listener on its own connection, then it will either fail and throw a jakarta.jms.IllegalStateException, or it will succeed and stop the connection, blocking until all other message listeners that may have been running have returned.

        Since two alternative behaviors are permitted in this case, applications should avoid calling stop from a message listener on its own Connection because this is not portable.

        For the avoidance of doubt, if an exception listener for this connection is running when stop is invoked, there is no requirement for the stop call to wait until the exception listener has returned before it may return.

        This method must not be used in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application. Doing so may cause a JMSException to be thrown though this is not guaranteed.

        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - this method has been called by a MessageListener on its own Connection
        JMSException - if the Jakarta Messaging provider fails to stop message delivery for one of the following reasons:
        • an internal error has occurred or
        • this method has been called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application (though it is not guaranteed that an exception is thrown in this case)
        See Also:
        start()

      • close

        void close()
    throws JMSException
        Closes the connection.

        Since a provider typically allocates significant resources outside the JVM on behalf of a connection, clients should close these resources when they are not needed. Relying on garbage collection to eventually reclaim these resources may not be timely enough.

        There is no need to close the sessions, producers, and consumers of a closed connection.

        Closing a connection causes all temporary destinations to be deleted.

        When this method is invoked, it should not return until message processing has been shut down in an orderly fashion. This means that all message listeners that may have been running have returned, and that all pending receives have returned.

        However if the close method is called from a message listener on its own connection, then it will either fail and throw a jakarta.jms.IllegalStateException, or it will succeed and close the connection, blocking until all other message listeners that may have been running have returned, and all pending receive calls have completed. If close succeeds and the acknowledge mode of the session is set to AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE, the current message will still be acknowledged automatically when the onMessage call completes. Since two alternative behaviors are permitted in this case, applications should avoid calling close from a message listener on its own connection because this is not portable.

        A close terminates all pending message receives on the connection's sessions' consumers. The receives may return with a message or with null, depending on whether there was a message available at the time of the close. If one or more of the connection's sessions' message listeners is processing a message at the time when connection close is invoked, all the facilities of the connection and its sessions must remain available to those listeners until they return control to the Jakarta Messaging provider.

        This method must not return until any incomplete asynchronous send operations for this Connection have been completed and any CompletionListener callbacks have returned. Incomplete sends should be allowed to complete normally unless an error occurs.

        For the avoidance of doubt, if an exception listener for this connection is running when close is invoked, there is no requirement for the close call to wait until the exception listener has returned before it may return.

        Closing a connection causes any of its sessions' transactions in progress to be rolled back. In the case where a session's work is coordinated by an external transaction manager, a session's commit and rollback methods are not used and the result of a closed session's work is determined later by the transaction manager. Closing a connection does NOT force an acknowledgment of client-acknowledged sessions.

        A CompletionListener callback method must not call close on its own Connection. Doing so will cause an IllegalStateException to be thrown.

        Invoking the acknowledge method of a received message from a closed connection's session must throw an IllegalStateException. Closing a closed connection must NOT throw an exception.

        Specified by:
        close in interface AutoCloseable
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException -
        • this method has been called by a MessageListener on its own Connection
        • this method has been called by a CompletionListener callback method on its own Connection
        JMSException - if the Jakarta Messaging provider fails to close the connection due to some internal error. For example, a failure to release resources or to close a socket connection can cause this exception to be thrown.

      • createConnectionConsumer

        ConnectionConsumer createConnectionConsumer​(Destination destination,
                                            String messageSelector,
                                            ServerSessionPool sessionPool,
                                            int maxMessages)
                                     throws JMSException
        Creates a connection consumer for this connection (optional operation) on the specific destination.

        This is an expert facility not used by ordinary Jakarta Messaging clients.

        This method must not be used in a Jakarta EE web or Enterprise Bean application. Doing so may cause a JMSException to be thrown though this is not guaranteed.

        Parameters:
        destination - the destination to access
        messageSelector - only messages with properties matching the message selector expression are delivered. A value of null or an empty string indicates that there is no message selector for the message consumer.
        sessionPool - the server session pool to associate with this connection consumer
        maxMessages - the maximum number of messages that can be assigned to a server session at one time
        Returns:
        the connection consumer
        Throws:
        InvalidDestinationException - if an invalid destination is specified.
        InvalidSelectorException - if the message selector is invalid.
        JMSException - if the Connection object fails to create a connection consumer for one of the following reasons:
        • an internal error has occurred
        • invalid arguments for sessionPool and messageSelector or
        • this method has been called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application (though it is not guaranteed that an exception is thrown in this case)
        Since:
        JMS 1.1
        See Also:
        ConnectionConsumer

      • createSharedConnectionConsumer

        ConnectionConsumer createSharedConnectionConsumer​(Topic topic,
                                                  String subscriptionName,
                                                  String messageSelector,
                                                  ServerSessionPool sessionPool,
                                                  int maxMessages)
                                           throws JMSException
        Creates a connection consumer for this connection (optional operation) on the specific topic using a shared non-durable subscription with the specified name.

        This is an expert facility not used by ordinary Jakarta Messaging clients.

        This method must not be used in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application. Doing so may cause a JMSException to be thrown though this is not guaranteed.

        Parameters:
        topic - the topic to access
        subscriptionName - the name used to identify the shared non-durable subscription
        messageSelector - only messages with properties matching the message selector expression are delivered. A value of null or an empty string indicates that there is no message selector for the message consumer.
        sessionPool - the server session pool to associate with this connection consumer
        maxMessages - the maximum number of messages that can be assigned to a server session at one time
        Returns:
        the connection consumer
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if called on a QueueConnection
        InvalidDestinationException - if an invalid destination is specified.
        InvalidSelectorException - if the message selector is invalid.
        JMSException - if the Connection object fails to create a connection consumer for one of the following reasons:
        • an internal error has occurred
        • invalid arguments for sessionPool and messageSelector or
        • this method has been called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application (though it is not guaranteed that an exception is thrown in this case)
        Since:
        JMS 2.0
        See Also:
        ConnectionConsumer

      • createDurableConnectionConsumer

        ConnectionConsumer createDurableConnectionConsumer​(Topic topic,
                                                   String subscriptionName,
                                                   String messageSelector,
                                                   ServerSessionPool sessionPool,
                                                   int maxMessages)
                                            throws JMSException
        Creates a connection consumer for this connection (optional operation) on the specific topic using an unshared durable subscription with the specified name.

        This is an expert facility not used by ordinary Jakarta Messaging clients.

        This method must not be used in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application. Doing so may cause a JMSException to be thrown though this is not guaranteed.

        Parameters:
        topic - topic to access
        subscriptionName - the name used to identify the unshared durable subscription
        messageSelector - only messages with properties matching the message selector expression are delivered. A value of null or an empty string indicates that there is no message selector for the message consumer.
        sessionPool - the server session pool to associate with this durable connection consumer
        maxMessages - the maximum number of messages that can be assigned to a server session at one time
        Returns:
        the durable connection consumer
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if called on a QueueConnection
        InvalidDestinationException - if an invalid destination is specified.
        InvalidSelectorException - if the message selector is invalid.
        JMSException - if the Connection object fails to create a connection consumer for one of the following reasons:
        • an internal error has occurred
        • invalid arguments for sessionPool and messageSelector or
        • this method has been called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application (though it is not guaranteed that an exception is thrown in this case)
        Since:
        JMS 1.1
        See Also:
        ConnectionConsumer

      • createSharedDurableConnectionConsumer

        ConnectionConsumer createSharedDurableConnectionConsumer​(Topic topic,
                                                         String subscriptionName,
                                                         String messageSelector,
                                                         ServerSessionPool sessionPool,
                                                         int maxMessages)
                                                  throws JMSException
        Creates a connection consumer for this connection (optional operation) on the specific topic using a shared durable subscription with the specified name.

        This is an expert facility not used by ordinary Jakarta Messaging clients.

        This method must not be used in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application. Doing so may cause a JMSException to be thrown though this is not guaranteed.

        Parameters:
        topic - topic to access
        subscriptionName - the name used to identify the shared durable subscription
        messageSelector - only messages with properties matching the message selector expression are delivered. A value of null or an empty string indicates that there is no message selector for the message consumer.
        sessionPool - the server session pool to associate with this durable connection consumer
        maxMessages - the maximum number of messages that can be assigned to a server session at one time
        Returns:
        the durable connection consumer
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if called on a QueueConnection
        InvalidDestinationException - if an invalid destination is specified.
        InvalidSelectorException - if the message selector is invalid.
        JMSException - if the Connection object fails to create a connection consumer for one of the following reasons:
        • an internal error has occurred
        • invalid arguments for sessionPool and messageSelector or
        • this method has been called in a Jakarta EE web or EJB application (though it is not guaranteed that an exception is thrown in this case)
        Since:
        JMS 2.0
        See Also:
        ConnectionConsumer