jakarta.validation

Annotation Type Constraint

@Documented
 @Target(value=ANNOTATION_TYPE)
 @Retention(value=RUNTIME)
public @interface Constraint

Marks an annotation as being a Jakarta Bean Validation constraint.

A given constraint annotation must be annotated by a @Constraint annotation which refers to its list of constraint validation implementations.

Each constraint annotation must host the following attributes:

• String message() default [...]; which should default to an error message key made of the fully-qualified class name of the constraint followed by .message. For example "{com.acme.constraints.NotSafe.message}"
• Class<?>[] groups() default {}; for user to customize the targeted groups
• Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {}; for extensibility purposes

When building a constraint that is both generic and cross-parameter, the constraint annotation must host the validationAppliesTo() property. A constraint is generic if it targets the annotated element and is cross-parameter if it targets the array of parameters of a method or constructor.

     ConstraintTarget validationAppliesTo() default ConstraintTarget.IMPLICIT;
 

This property allows the constraint user to choose whether the constraint targets the return type of the executable or its array of parameters. A constraint is both generic and cross-parameter if

• two kinds of ConstraintValidators are attached to the constraint, one targeting ValidationTarget.ANNOTATED_ELEMENT and one targeting ValidationTarget.PARAMETERS,
• or if a ConstraintValidator targets both ANNOTATED_ELEMENT and PARAMETERS.

Such dual constraints are rare. See SupportedValidationTarget for more info.

Here is an example of constraint definition:

 @Documented
 @Constraint(validatedBy = OrderNumberValidator.class)
 @Target({ METHOD, FIELD, ANNOTATION_TYPE, CONSTRUCTOR, PARAMETER, TYPE_USE })
 @Retention(RUNTIME)
 public @interface OrderNumber {
     String message() default "{com.acme.constraint.OrderNumber.message}";
     Class<?>[] groups() default {};
     Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
 }
 

Author:

Emmanuel Bernard, Gavin King, Hardy Ferentschik

Required Element Summary

Required Elements

Modifier and Type	Required Element and Description
Class<? extends ConstraintValidator<?,?>>[]	validatedBy ConstraintValidator classes implementing the constraint.

Element Detail

validatedBy

public abstract Class<? extends ConstraintValidator<?,?>>[] validatedBy

ConstraintValidator classes implementing the constraint. The given classes must reference distinct target types for a given ValidationTarget. If two ConstraintValidators refer to the same type, an exception will occur.

At most one ConstraintValidator targeting the array of parameters of methods or constructors (aka cross-parameter) is accepted. If two or more are present, an exception will occur.

Returns:

array of ConstraintValidator classes implementing the constraint